Monthly Industry Newsletter

Top 10 Scott Sky Highlights

Month of JANUARY 2026

January 2026

FAA Announces Largest Organizational Restructuring in Agency History

The Federal Aviation Administration unveiled its most significant internal overhaul ever, centralizing safety oversight, advancing airspace modernization, and creating new offices for emerging aviation technologies. The effort aims to strengthen risk management and prepare the National Airspace System for future demands.

Blue Origin Pauses New Shepard Commercial Flights to Focus on Lunar Systems

Blue Origin announced a minimum two-year pause on New Shepard suborbital tourist operations to redirect resources toward lunar mission development in cooperation with NASA, following the vehicle’s latest flight in January 2026.

Adani Group and Embraer Forge Aerospace Manufacturing Partnership in India

India’s Adani Group and Brazilian aerospace firm Embraer signed a memorandum to expand regional aircraft manufacturing and supply chain capabilities in India, supporting the country’s strategic push into global aerospace production.

Aviation Chiefs Warn Supply Chain and Geopolitical Risks Threaten Production

Industry leaders at the Changi Aviation Summit cautioned that persistent supply constraints and geopolitical challenges are impacting OEM production schedules and capacity worldwide, underscoring vulnerabilities in the global aerospace supply chain.

Loft Dynamics Appoints Sebastien Borel as CEO

Immersive flight training provider Loft Dynamics named Sebastien Borel as its new CEO, succeeding founder Fabi Riesen, in a strategic move designed to expand global adoption of VR-based pilot training solutions across airlines and OEMs.

Elixir Aircraft Secures First U.S. Fleet Order After FAA Certification

Following FAA Part 23 certification, Elixir Aircraft landed its first U.S. commercial order for 10 aircraft with Florida-based flight training provider Cirrus Aviation Services, bolstering domestic trainer fleet upgrades in 2026.

Allegiant Air $1.5B Acquisition of Sun Country Airlines

Budget carrier Allegiant Air revealed a definitive agreement to acquire Sun Country Airlines for $1.5 billion, a strategic consolidation that would retire the Sun Country brand and reshape the U.S. airline competitive landscape.

Joby Aviation Expands Manufacturing Footprint to Electric Air Taxis

Joby announced acquisition of a second Ohio manufacturing facility near Dayton, significantly increasing its production capacity for its electric air taxi aircraft as it scales toward future commercial operations and expanded workforce growth.

Space Policy Updates and Important Sector Outlook

SpacePolicyOnline’s weekly tracker outlines key Senate sessions and hearings affecting aerospace and aviation policy, including hearings on air traffic control modernization and legislative developments shaping the 2026 space and aviation landscape.

CesiumAstro Plans $500M Investment and 500 Jobs with New Texas HQ

Aerospace connectivity leader CesiumAstro announced plans to invest more than $500 million in a new global headquarters and advanced manufacturing facility in Bee Cave, Texas, creating over 500 high-skill jobs and reinforcing the region’s role as an aerospace hub.

Month of DECEMBER 2025

December 2025

Year-End Trends Shaping Aerospace, Defense & Tech in 2025

Explore 2025’s top aerospace, defense, and tech shifts, from defense spending and M&A to space and commercial aviation trends shaping strategy and innovation.

Eight Spacecraft Dock at ISS in Historic First

All eight docking ports on the International Space Station were simultaneously occupied in Dec 2025, marking a new operational milestone for orbital traffic.

2025 Aviation Highlights: Safety, Fleet & Market Turbulence

Commercial aviation saw safety challenges, fleet shortages, and shifting market dynamics in 2025, shaping industry outlook going into 2026.

Semiconductors Remain Critical to Defense & Tech Innovation

Semiconductors are central to aerospace and defense innovation, with tight supply chains and security concerns shaping global technology strategies.

AI & Enterprise M&A Deals Top $100B in December

December 2025 saw over $100B in tech M&A, led by strategic AI infrastructure and enterprise modernization deals reshaping competitive landscapes.

ServiceNow Acquires Cybersecurity Leader Armis

In a major technology consolidation move, ServiceNow completed its $7.75B acquisition of cybersecurity firm Armis, expanding strengths in threat intelligence and enterprise security, a move with cross-sector implications for defense and IT operations.

Starlab Space Wins Private Investment for LEO Station

Private investor backing is growing for next-generation space infrastructure. Recent investments in Starlab signal continued market interest in commercial low-Earth orbit platforms with research and industrial applications.

Rocket Lab Gains Market Momentum

Rocket Lab’s stock surged ~84% in December, buoyed by a substantial missile-defense satellite contract from the U.S. Space Development Agency and expanding defense backlog, signaling growing confidence in diversified launch and space systems providers.

Boeing Completes Major Supplier Deal

Boeing finalized its $4.7B acquisition of Spirit AeroSystems, enabling Airbus to take over select commercial production lines, a notable restructuring in the global supply chain that may have long-term implications for industrial competitiveness.

Saab & Airbus Explore Unmanned Fighter Tech

European aerospace players Saab and Airbus are progressing discussions on unmanned fighter aircraft technology, pointing to increased autonomy focus and potential future partnerships in European defense ecosystems.

Month of november 2025

November 2025

Joby’s New Hybrid VTOL Just Changed the Game

Joby Aviation completes its first hybrid-electric VTOL flight, using a turbine engine to boost range and payload for future military and commercial missions.

White House Cracks Down on Drones Ahead of Major Events

The White House urges Congress to give sweeping counter-drone powers, targeting threats at the 2026 World Cup and 2028 Olympics.

Trade talks to continue despite G20 differences

South Africa and the US push ahead with critical trade talks despite G20 tensions and the US boycott, setting up a high-stakes bilateral showdown.

Airbus Aims to Deliver 820 Jets — 235 Left This Year

Airbus delivered 585 aircraft in first 10 months of 2025 and needs ~235 more to hit its 820‑jet year‑end target — a major delivery push underway.

US Space Force Launches First Space-Based Interceptor Program

Space defense takes a leap as the USSF awards first Golden Dome contracts to develop space-based missile-interceptor prototypes, a historic milestone.

Blue UAS Drone Program Grows, Chinese Parts Still Present

The DoD expands its Blue UAS drone program, but many approved drones still contain Chinese-made motors, raising federal supply-chain compliance concerns.

US Federal Pilots Will Fly VR Helicopters for First Time

A Swiss company will install its FAA- & EASA-certified VR H125 helicopter simulator at CBP’s Oklahoma City center—the first VR pilot training for US federal aviation.

LoftHOME VR Pilot Training Now on Apple Vision Pro

Loft Dynamics teams with Trifork to launch LoftHOME, a VR pilot-training kit on Apple Vision Pro, revolutionizing flight simulation at home.

Rare Coordination: China Contacts NASA on Space Traffic

In a historic first, China reached out to NASA to prevent a potential satellite collision—marking a breakthrough in global space-traffic cooperation with SpaceX in the mix.

Boeing Makes Massive Carbon Removal Deal With Charm

Boeing signs a landmark deal to buy up to 100,000 metric tons of carbon removal from Charm Industrial, marking a bold step toward cleaner, more sustainable aviation.

Week of 20 October-26 October 2025

October 2025

Engine Shortages Force Airlines to Scrap New Airbus Jets

Global engine shortages push airlines to dismantle nearly new Airbus aircraft, revealing deep stress in maintenance and supply-chain operations.

Senate Committee Advances New Aviation-Safety Bill

U.S. Senate Commerce Committee approves legislation requiring ADS-B tracking by 2031 and tighter oversight of mixed helicopter and jet traffic.

PHI Air Ambulance Pilots Now Train in Full VR Missions

PHI Air Medical installs Loft Dynamics VR simulator, letting pilots practice mission-critical scenarios in full-motion VR before real-life flights.

Vantor to Guard U.S. Space Assets with New Force Contract

Vantor secures a U.S. Space Force contract to deliver advanced in-space imaging and analytics, enhancing surveillance of critical orbital objects.

Airbus, Leonardo, Thales to Shake Up European Space Market

Three aerospace giants merge to form Europe’s leading space company, boosting satellite innovation and targeting €6.5B yearly revenue.

UK’s First CAA-Approved VR Pilot Training Breakthrough

Cineon will debut the UK’s first CAA-approved VR pilot-training tool at EATS 2025, marking a major step in immersive aviation training.

US and Australia Join Forces to Secure Critical Minerals

The US and Australia sign a strategic agreement to secure rare-earth elements, reduce reliance on China, and strengthen global supply chains.

Goldman Sachs Sounds Alarm on Rare-Earths Risk to Energy, Defense

Goldman Sachs warns a rare-earths supply crunch could disrupt energy, defense, and aerospace industries, raising urgent global production concerns.

Korean Air Partners with Archer on New eVTOL Deal

Korean Air and Archer Aviation are partnering to introduce eVTOL aircraft in South Korea, driving next-gen air mobility and pilot training programs.

Engine Shortages Force Airlines to Scrap New Airbus Jets

Global engine shortages push airlines to dismantle nearly new Airbus aircraft, revealing deep stress in maintenance and supply-chain operations.

Week of 13 October-19 October 2025

October 2025

Airlines battle $11B surge in supply-chain chaos

13 Oct 2025 — Global carriers are projected to incur more than US$11 billion in additional costs this year owing to supply-chain disruptions, highlighting risks in fleet operations and MRO.

Strong fleet and workforce trends at NBAA-BACE 2025

NBAA-BACE 2025 showcased strong business aviation activity, highlighting fleet expansions, retrofits, and growing workforce and operator engagement.

NGA taps Planet Labs to monitor oceans with AI

The U.S. NGA awarded Planet Labs a contract for AI-powered maritime monitoring, highlighting growth in commercial-government space technology partnerships.

H160 production growth planned by Airbus Helicopters

Airbus Helicopters plans to increase H160 production to meet rising demand in both defense and civil rotary-wing markets.

U.S. shutdown sparks crisis in aviation

The U.S. government shutdown is worsening TSA and air traffic staffing pressures, exposing vulnerabilities across airline operations and airport management.

North Korean drone activity sparks new Ukraine alarm

Ukraine reports that North Korean soldiers are flying reconnaissance drones over its territory, signaling deepening foreign involvement in the ongoing war.

German drone maker eyes €150M funding boost

Quantum-Systems is nearing a €150M funding round that could value the company at €3B, underscoring rapid growth in defense and unmanned aerospace technology.

EU seeks U.S. pact to offset China’s rare-earth edge

The EU is seeking U.S. cooperation on critical minerals to counter China’s export controls, highlighting rising supply risks in aerospace and defense sectors.

Airbus boosts U.S. output with new A320 line

Airbus has opened a new A320 Final Assembly Line in Mobile, Alabama, expanding U.S. manufacturing capacity and strengthening its local aerospace network.

Gulfstream celebrates 3M miles of flight success

Gulfstream has flown over 3M nautical miles across its fleet, underscoring strong business aviation demand and growth in corporate and support operations.

Week of 06 October-12 October 2025

October 2025

SpaceX Launches 28 Satellites on Reused Falcon 9

SpaceX launched 28 Starlink satellites on a reused Falcon 9, marking the booster’s 29th flight and expanding its growing internet megaconstellation.

EHang Unveils VT35: 200 km Autonomous eVTOL for Intercity Travel

EHang introduces the VT35, a two-seat, lift-and-cruise eVTOL with a 200 km range, designed for autonomous intercity operations. Priced at ¥6.5 million in China.

LLRF2025 Workshop: Engineers Share New Beam & RF Ideas

Engineers in accelerator, RF, and beam control met at LLRF2025 Workshop in Virginia to share new research, innovations, and tech shaping the field’s future.

Senate Debates CR While Advancing Key Space Policy Items

During the week of Oct 5–11, the Senate continued deliberations on the House Continuing Resolution (CR) and considered significant space policy issues.

Newark Begins $3.5B AirTrain Project, Opens in 2030

Newark Liberty breaks ground on a $3.5B, 2.5-mile AirTrain to replace its outdated system; service expected by 2030 with 50,000 daily riders.

Airbus A320 Surpasses Boeing 737 in Total Deliveries

Airbus’ A320 family overtakes Boeing’s 737 in cumulative deliveries after a delivery to Flynas, marking a milestone in narrow-body aviation.

Airlines Challenge Supplier Margins Amid FAA Trade Tension

Airlines are raising concerns over supplier markups as FAA and aerospace trade tensions intensify, with IATA hinting at anti-competition reviews.

Textron Opens $40M Aviation Training Center

Textron Aviation unveiled a $40M Career & Learning Center to upskill employees and close training gaps in manufacturing & maintenance.

Germany Approves €3.75B Eurofighter Expansion Plan

The German Bundestag approved €3.75B in new funding to purchase additional Eurofighter jets and upgrade current aircraft for enhanced defense capability.

FCC Pulls Millions of Chinese Electronics from U.S. Sites

The FCC ordered online retailers to remove millions of Chinese-made electronics, tightening U.S. national security and import enforcement rules.

Week of 29 September-05 October 2025

October 2025

Midnight eVTOL Breaks Altitude Record

Archer’s Midnight eVTOL hits 7,000 ft and 120 mph, setting a new altitude record and advancing closer to real-world air taxi operations.

DOE Allocates HALEU to U.S. Nuclear Firms to Boost Advanced Reactor Development

The U.S. Department of Energy has conditionally allocated high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) to three U.S. companies to stimulate advanced reactor development.

GE Aerospace & Beta Partner on Hybrid-Electric Flight

GE Aerospace and Beta Technologies team up to co-develop a hybrid-electric turbogenerator, advancing propulsion tech for future regional aircraft.

Government Shutdown Causes Widespread Flight Delays Due to FAA Staff Shortages

The ongoing U.S. government shutdown has led to significant air travel disruptions, with FAA staff shortages and unpaid controllers causing delays at major airports.

Loft Dynamics’ Airbus H125 VR Simulator Gets FAA Level 7 Approval

Loft Dynamics’ Airbus H125 VR simulator becomes the first FAA Level 7-certified device, powering a new university pilot-training program.

Airbus Holds Board Meeting in India Amid Rising Aviation Demand

Airbus convenes board in India to explore expanding operations, reflecting the nation’s growing role in global aerospace strategy.

Pentagon Approves U.S. Navy’s Next-Gen F/A-XX Fighter Program

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has approved the U.S. Navy’s next-generation F/A-XX fighter program, advancing plans to replace the aging Super Hornet fleet.

Lockheed Martin Plans Commercial Orion Flights Beyond NASA Missions

Lockheed Martin is developing strategies to offer commercial flight services for the Orion deep-space capsule, expanding its reach beyond NASA missions.

Firefly Aerospace to Acquire SciTec for $855M, Boosting Missile-Defense & Sensor Capabilities

Firefly Aerospace will buy SciTec for $855M—integrating missile warning, tracking & defense tech to expand its national security and space services.

Italy to Open €100M “Space Smart Factory” Near Rome, Making ~100 Satellites Annually

The €100M Space Smart Factory near Rome will mass-produce ~100 satellites/year, boosting Europe’s civil & defense space capabilities.

Week of 29 September-05 October 2025

October 2025

Midnight eVTOL Breaks Altitude Record

Archer’s Midnight eVTOL hits 7,000 ft and 120 mph, setting a new altitude record and advancing closer to real-world air taxi operations.

DOE Allocates HALEU to U.S. Nuclear Firms to Boost Advanced Reactor Development

The U.S. Department of Energy has conditionally allocated high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) to three U.S. companies to stimulate advanced reactor development.

GE Aerospace & Beta Partner on Hybrid-Electric Flight

GE Aerospace and Beta Technologies team up to co-develop a hybrid-electric turbogenerator, advancing propulsion tech for future regional aircraft.

Government Shutdown Causes Widespread Flight Delays Due to FAA Staff Shortages

The ongoing U.S. government shutdown has led to significant air travel disruptions, with FAA staff shortages and unpaid controllers causing delays at major airports.

Loft Dynamics’ Airbus H125 VR Simulator Gets FAA Level 7 Approval

Loft Dynamics’ Airbus H125 VR simulator becomes the first FAA Level 7-certified device, powering a new university pilot-training program.

Airbus Holds Board Meeting in India Amid Rising Aviation Demand

Airbus convenes board in India to explore expanding operations, reflecting the nation’s growing role in global aerospace strategy.

Pentagon Approves U.S. Navy’s Next-Gen F/A-XX Fighter Program

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has approved the U.S. Navy’s next-generation F/A-XX fighter program, advancing plans to replace the aging Super Hornet fleet.

Lockheed Martin Plans Commercial Orion Flights Beyond NASA Missions

Lockheed Martin is developing strategies to offer commercial flight services for the Orion deep-space capsule, expanding its reach beyond NASA missions.

Firefly Aerospace to Acquire SciTec for $855M, Boosting Missile-Defense & Sensor Capabilities

Firefly Aerospace will buy SciTec for $855M—integrating missile warning, tracking & defense tech to expand its national security and space services.

Italy to Open €100M “Space Smart Factory” Near Rome, Making ~100 Satellites Annually

The €100M Space Smart Factory near Rome will mass-produce ~100 satellites/year, boosting Europe’s civil & defense space capabilities.

Week of 22-28 September 2025

September 2025

United Airlines Secures FAA Approval for Starlink on 737-800s

United Airlines has obtained Federal Aviation Administration clearance to install Starlink satellite internet systems on its Boeing 737-800 fleet. The first Starlink-equipped mainline flight is expected to depart October 15 from Newark.

The Nuclear Company & Nucor Steel Partner for U.S. Nuclear Buildout

The Nuclear Company has announced a strategic partnership with steelmaker Nucor aimed at advancing U.S. nuclear infrastructure—evaluating NQA-1 certified steel for gigawatt-scale projects.

NASA & NOAA Launch Trio of Heliophysics Missions

A Falcon 9 rocket delivered three heliophysics payloads (IMAP, CGO, and SWFO-L1) into orbit to bolster space–weather forecasting and solar science capabilities.

Starship Static Fire Ahead of Flight 11

SpaceX recently conducted a static fire test with the upper stage of Starship from its South Texas facility—firing its Raptor engines while grounded as part of final preparations for Flight 11.

GE Aerospace Strike Ends; Boeing Labor Dispute Persists

GE Aerospace workers have ended their 3-week strike after ratifying a five-year contract, yet Boeing continues to grapple with unresolved labor tensions—particularly in its defense operations.

Uber Eats and Flytrex Launch Drone Delivery Pilot

Uber has partnered with autonomous drone operator Flytrex to pilot aerial food delivery within U.S. markets by year-end—its first foray into autonomous aerial logistics.

Vietjet Takes Delivery of First Boeing 737 in $32B Deal

Vietnam’s budget carrier Vietjet has received the first Boeing 737-8 jet from its massive $32 billion 200-aircraft order—marking a major fleet expansion and bolstering its network ambitions.

Bill Introduced to Shield FAA from Shutdowns

Legislation filed by Representatives Steve Cohen and André Carson would let the FAA draw from the Airport & Airway Trust Fund for up to 30 days during a federal shutdown—keeping air traffic control, inspections, and certification programs active.

U.S. Funding Lapse Could Halt ATC Training

A potential U.S. government funding lapse beginning October 1 could force the FAA to pause hiring and field instruction for thousands of new air traffic controllers, straining the agency’s effort to close staffing gaps.

ICAO to Debate Raising Pilot Retirement Age from 65 to 67

At its upcoming General Assembly in Montreal, ICAO will review a proposal from IATA to raise the mandatory retirement age for commercial pilots to 67—sparking pushback from unions and safety advocates.

Week of 15-21 September 2025

September 2025

FAA public trials for eVTOL / AAM under new eIPP program

The FAA is forming public-private partnerships to conduct trials of electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft ahead of full certification—Joby, Archer, and others are participating. Aims include testing safety, noise, and emergency-response use cases.

FAA instructor shortage slowing down controller training

The FAA increased its academy class to ~600 recruits (a record), but internal documents show a serious shortage of qualified instructors at Oklahoma City, with many instructors working double shifts and burnout concerns.

Global travel demand rising & visa / travel regulations updates

IATA reports passenger traffic rising year-over-year (e.g. Jul growth +4%) and several countries updating visa/entry rules, with travelers paying attention to changing regulations in Asia, Europe, etc.

Scientists Call for New Agency to Oversee Commercial Space

A leading group (Federation of American Scientists) recommended Congress create a standalone agency merging FAA’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation and Commerce Department’s Office of Space Commerce to streamline regulation, promote industry, and manage space traffic.

U.S. military strikes second alleged narco-boat off Venezuela

In an expansion of maritime operations, U.S. forces struck a second narcotics vessel near Venezuela, during a campaign involving air, naval, and drone-enabled operations in the Caribbean. Raises issues of international law, rules of engagement, and strategic use of unmanned systems.

US Air Force refits Qatar-gifted 747-8 as future ‘Air Force One’

The U.S. Air Force has started converting a Boeing 747-8 gifted by Qatar into a presidential airlift aircraft; the program is classified and modifications are expected to take about a year.

FAA public trials for eVTOL / AAM under new eIPP program

Week of 08-14 September 2025

December 2024

Dr Scott Firsing advocating for more US-Africa space cooperation

US President Donald Trump has a unique opportunity to grow the US space industry, while ushering in a new era of US-Africa collaboration writes Scott Firsing.

GAMA Q2-2025 shipments: bizjets up, turboprops down

The General Aviation Manufacturers Association reported business jet deliveries rose nearly 10% in H1 2025, while turboprops declined slightly, reflecting shifting demand.

IATA warns of continued aircraft delivery shortfalls

Global aircraft deliveries remain below historical levels, with IATA projecting supply constraints to persist through at least 2026.

Romania scrambles jets for drone incursion

Romania launched F-16 fighters to intercept an unauthorized drone near its border, underscoring regional tensions and aviation security concerns.

Poland shoots down Russian drone after airspace incursion

Poland’s air force engaged and destroyed a Russian drone that entered its airspace, highlighting rising risks to NATO border aviation.

House passes Aviation Mental Health bill

Lawmakers approved H.R. 2591 requiring the FAA to reform pilot self-disclosure rules for mental health, now headed to the Senate for review.

House passes FY26 NDAA (~$893B)

The House advanced its annual defense policy bill, funding modernization and acquisition reforms while approving a 3.8% pay raise for U.S. troops.

SDA launches first Tranche-1 satellites on Falcon 9

The U.S. Space Development Agency placed its first Tranche-1 Transport Layer satellites into orbit, building a LEO mesh network to support secure military communications.

SpaceX buys EchoStar spectrum for $17B

SpaceX acquired AWS-4 and H-block spectrum licenses from EchoStar, strengthening Starlink’s direct-to-cell service ambitions in the U.S. and globally.

Joby & Archer join eIPP

Two leading eVTOL developers, Joby Aviation and Archer, announced their participation in the FAA’s pilot program, giving them an early foothold in urban air mobility markets.

Week of 01-07 September 2025

September 2025

Space Command Relocation to Huntsville

President Trump announced moving U.S. Space Command HQ from Colorado to Huntsville, Alabama—citing “Rocket City” legacy and promising 1,400–1,600 new jobs. Colorado officials have raised national security concerns.

Boeing 787 Order Shift & Airline Industry Adjustment

Alaska Air converted some Boeing 787 orders to the larger 787-10s—a signal of evolving airline fleet strategies amid shifting demand.

China Intensifies Aerospace Tech Development

Russia urges its aerospace sector to develop new rocket engines; China continues drone/behavioral capabilities competition—sources say.

Autonomous Navy Drone Wingmen in Development

Boeing, Northrop Grumman, General Atomics, and Anduril were tapped to design Navy’s next-gen collaborative combat aircraft (drone wingmen).

U.S.–EU Tariff Framework Developments Impacting Aerospace Trade

The recent U.S.–EU Framework Agreement avoids raising U.S. tariffs on aircraft and parts—preserving export stability. However, full EU adoption is pending European Parliament and Council action, keeping future trade policy uncertain.

Made-in-America Defense Act (H.R. 4216) Passes U.S. House

This bill mandates an annual State–Defense Department review of defense articles currently restricted to Foreign Military Sales (FMS), identifying which might shift to Direct Commercial Sales (DCS)—streamlining transfers and potentially boosting U.S. defense firms’ export opportunities. It passed the House by 395–20 on September 2, 2025 and is now under Senate review.

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News

Monthly Industry Newsletter

Top 10 Scott Sky Highlights

Month of JANUARY 2026

Month of DECEMBER 2025

Month of november 2025

Week of 20 October-26 October 2025

Week of 13 October-19 October 2025

Week of 06 October-12 October 2025

Week of 29 September-05 October 2025

Week of 29 September-05 October 2025

Week of 22-28 September 2025

Week of 15-21 September 2025

Week of 08-14 September 2025

Week of 01-07 September 2025